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Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana

English Title

Estandarización y validación de un western blot para el diagnóstico del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana

Keywords

Western Blotting, HIV, Diagnosis, Sensitivity and Specificity

English Keywords

Western blot, VIH, Diagnóstico, Sensibilidad y Especificidad

Abstract

Objectives: To standardize and validate a western blot test for the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus. Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out during 2017 and 2018. The western blot test was standardized, using the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS PAGE), being the nitrocellulose blot strips prepared with an Optimal HIV-1 antigen concentration of 2.71 μg / mm. The western blot was validated in the laboratory against 400 reference samples (300 sera and 100 plasmas): 200 positive and 200 negatives for antibodies against HIV-1, being the reference test the Immunoblot of the Fujirebio brand. Diagnostic performance parameters were estimated using Epidat v3.1 and Excel. Results: Eight important bands of the HIV-1 antigen were identified: p17, p24, p31, p39, gp41, p55, p66, and gp120. According to the Consortium for the normalization of serology for retroviruse, those that were taken as specific diagnostic bands were: p24, p31, gp41, and gp120. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and validity index against sera were: 96.7%, 96.0%, 96.0%, 96.6%, 96.3%; and against plasmas: 98.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 98.0%, 99.0% respectively. No false positives and negatives were found, but some were undetermined. Conclusions: The development of this western blot test with proprietary technology presented similar diagnostic performance to the reference test, without showing cross-reactions, being useful for confirming HIV.

English Abstract

Ojetivos: Estandarizar y validar una prueba de western blot para el diagnóstico del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional prospectivo durante el 2017 y 2018. Se estandarizó la prueba de western blot, usando la técnica de electroforesis en gel de poliacrilamida con dodecil sulfato de sodio (SDS PAGE), siendo las tiras blot de nitrocelulosa preparadas con una concentración óptima de antígeno de VIH-1 de 2,71 μg/mm. Se validó el western blot en laboratorio, frente a 400 muestras referentes (300 sueros y 100 plasmas): 200 positivas y 200 negativas a anticuerpos contra VIH-1, siendo la prueba de referencia el Inmunoblot de la marca Fujirebio. Se estimaron los parámetros de rendimiento diagnóstico usando el programa Epidat v3.1 y Excel. Resultados: Se logró identificar ocho bandas importantes del antígeno de VIH-1: p17, p24, p31, p39, gp41, p55, p66 y gp120. De ellas, las que se tomaron como bandas diagnósticas específicas según el Consorcio de normalización de serología para los retrovirus, fueron: p24, p31, gp41 y gp120. La sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo y negativo e índice de validez frente a sueros fueron: 96,7%, 96,0%, 96,0%, 96,6%, 96,3%; y frente a plasmas: 98,0%, 100,0%, 100,0%, 98,0%, 99,0% respectivamente. No se encontraron falsos positivos y negativos, pero si algunos indeterminados. Conclusión: El desarrollo de esta prueba western blot con tecnología propia, presentó similar rendimiento diagnóstico a la prueba de referencia, sin mostrar reacciones cruzadas; siendo útil para la confirmación del VIH.

DOI

https://doi.org/10.25176/RFMH.v21i4.4023

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