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Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana

English Title

Relación entre gestantes con anemia en edad materna de riesgo y bajo peso al nacer en un hospital de la seguridad social del Perú

Keywords

Anemia, Pregnancy in adolescence, Maternal age, Birth weight

Abstract

Introduction: Anemia and low birth weight are very important public health problems. Objective: To determine the association between anemia in pregnant women with risk maternal age and low birth weight in the Obstetrics-Gynecology service of the Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen Hospital, in the period from October to December of the year 2018. Methods: A study of non-experimental, retrospective, cross-sectional, analytical, case-control type. In the period from October to December 2018, a total of 312 pregnant women with maternal age at risk (teenage and elderly pregnant women) were registered, of which 72 were anemic (Hb <11 g / dl), being the number of cases, and in order to improve statistical power, the relationship between cases and controls of 1: 2 was established, with the number of controls or non-anemic pregnant women with risk maternal age 142. The general characteristics are analyzed by group of anemic pregnant women and non-anemic, and its association with risk maternal age. The association of anemia in separately pregnant adolescents and elderly women with low birth weight is determined by Chi-square test and Odds ratio. Results: Among the variables studied anemic pregnant women, the highest frequency of nulliparity and vaginal delivery, and the lowest frequency of a history of abortion and adequate prenatal control. Teenage pregnant women with anemia were not associated with an increased risk of low birth weight (p = 0.056). Pregnant women who were anemic were associated with a 6-fold increased risk of low birth weight (95% CI: 2,219 to 18,026; p = 0.000). Conclusions: Elderly pregnant women have a higher risk of presenting products with low birth weight.

English Abstract

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre anemia en gestantes con edad materna de riesgo y bajo peso al nacer. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de tipo no experimental, retrospectivo, transversal, analítico, de casos y controles. En el periodo de octubre a diciembre del 2019, se registraron un total de 312 gestantes con edad materna de riesgo (gestantes adolescentes y añosas), de los cuales 72 eran anémicas (Hb < 11 g/dl), siendo este el número de casos, y con el fin de mejorar la potencia estadística se estableció la relación entre casos y controles de 1:2, siendo el número de controles o gestantes no anémicas con edad materna de riesgo 142. Se analizaron características generales por grupo de gestantes anémicas y no anémicas, y su asociación con edad materna de riesgo. Se determinó mediante prueba de Chi-cuadrado y Odds ratio la asociación de anemia en gestantes adolescentes y añosas por separado con bajo peso al nacer. Resultados: Entre las variables estudiadas las gestantes anémicas presentaron mayor frecuencia de nuliparidad y parto vaginal, y en menor frecuencia antecedente de aborto y control prenatal adecuado. Las gestantes adolescentes que cursaron con anemia no se asociaron a mayor riesgo de bajo peso al nacer (p=0.056). Las gestantes añosas que cursaron con anemia se asociaron a 6 veces mayor riesgo de bajo peso al nacer (IC:95%: 2,219 a 18,026; p=0,000). Conclusiones: Las gestantes añosas tienen mayor riesgo de presentar productos con bajo peso al nacer

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